LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF INSECT HERBIVORY AND SAND ACCRETION ON PLANT SUCCESSION ON SAND DUNES

Ecology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1401-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Bach
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Long Term Effects

Long-term effects of revegetation on soil water content of sand dunes in arid region of Northern China

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Rong Li ◽  
Feng Yun Ma ◽  
Hong Lang Xiao ◽  
Xin Ping Wang ◽  
Ke Chung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals BVOC Emissions From a Subarctic Ecosystem, as Controlled by Insect Herbivore Pressure and Temperature

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra P. Ghimire ◽  
Tarja Silfver ◽  
Kristiina Myller ◽  
Elina Oksanen ◽  
Jarmo K. Holopainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Herbivore Pressure

Abstract The biogenic volatile organic compounds, BVOCs have a central role in ecosystem–atmosphere interactions. High-latitude ecosystems are facing increasing temperatures and insect herbivore pressure, which may affect their BVOC emission rates, but evidence and predictions of changes remain scattered. We studied the long-term effects of + 3 °C warming and reduced insect herbivory (achieved through insecticide sprayings) on mid- and late summer BVOC emissions from field layer vegetation, supplemented with birch saplings, and the underlying soil in Subarctic mountain birch forest in Finland in 2017–2018. Reduced insect herbivory decreased leaf damage by 58–67% and total ecosystem BVOC emissions by 44–72%. Of the BVOC groups, total sesquiterpenes had 70–80% lower emissions with reduced herbivory, and in 2017 the decrease was greater in warmed plots (89% decrease) than in ambient plots (34% decrease). While non-standardized total BVOC, monoterpene, sesquiterpene and GLV emissions showed instant positive responses to increasing chamber air temperature in midsummer samplings, the long-term warming treatment effects on standardized emissions mainly appeared as changes in the compound structure of BVOC blends and varied with compounds and sampling times. Our results suggest that the effects of climate warming on the total quantity of BVOC emissions will in Subarctic ecosystems be, over and above the instant temperature effects, mediated through changes in insect herbivore pressure rather than plant growth. If insect herbivore numbers will increase as predicted under climate warming, our results forecast herbivory-induced increases in the quantity of Subarctic BVOC emissions. Graphic Abstract

Long-Term Effects of Reclamation Treatments on Plant Succession in Iceland

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarngerdur Gretarsdottir ◽  
Asa L. Aradottir ◽  
Vigdis Vandvik ◽  
Einar Heegaard ◽  
H. J. B. Birks
Keyword(s):  
Plant Succession ◽  
Long Term Effects

Differential Temporal and Spatial Preservation of Archaeological Sites in a Great Lakes Coastal Zone

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Lovis ◽  
G. William Monaghan ◽  
Alan F. Arbogast ◽  
Steven L. Forman
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Michigan Basin ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Ams Dating

AbstractAnalysis of regional site taphonomy that incorporates depositional and postdepositional histories has become increasingly important in understanding the nature of preserved site populations and the strategies necessary for their discovery. We applied a systematic archival and field strategy directed at understanding such taphonomic processes in the coastal sand dunes of the northern and eastern Lake Michigan basin, and coupled these with a tactically directed program of OSL, 14C, and AMS dating. We demonstrate that long-term geological processes including lake level variation, episodic dune activation and stabilization, and the long-term effects of postglacial isostatic adjustments have markedly affected the potential for preservation of sites in coastal dune contexts over time and across subregions of the basin. Preservation potential for different time periods in coastal dunes is largely not synchronous with that of southern Michigan floodplains, posing substantial inferential problems. The archaeology of coastal dunes specifically, and coastal zones generally, must be used with extreme caution when cast against archaeological data from landforms with different formation processes and histories. While particularly true for the Great Lakes region, these results have implications for regional research broadly.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document